Study of Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Hole Mergers: Implications for Cosmology

Abstract

Gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime predicted by Einstein's theory of General Relativity, have revolutionized modern astrophysics and cosmology. The first detection of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger in 2015 by LIGO marked a transformative moment, providing direct evidence of black holes and opening new avenues for exploring the universe's structure and evolution. This study examines gravitational waves generated by binary black hole mergers, focusing on their theoretical foundations, detection mechanisms, and significant implications for cosmology. Gravitational waves provide unique insights into the properties of black holes, testing General Relativity in extreme environments and offering new methods to measure key cosmological parameters, such as the Hubble constant. Gravitational wave astronomy has enabled the study of black hole populations, their formation channels, and the conditions in the early universe. While challenges remain, such as improving detector sensitivity and enhancing multimessenger observations, future advancements promise to deepen our understanding of the cosmos. As the field progresses, gravitational wave research will play a pivotal role in refining cosmological models and unraveling the mysteries of the universe, from its inception to its ultimate fate, providing a new perspective on the fundamental nature of space, time, and matter.