The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Enhancing Plant Resistance to Soil-borne Pathogens

Abstract

Mycorrhizal fungi, which form mutualistic relationships with plant roots, play a critical role in enhancing plant resistance to soil-borne pathogens. This paper examines the mechanisms through which mycorrhizal fungi contribute to plant health, including the formation of physical barriers that impede pathogen entry, competition for nutrients that reduces pathogen availability, and the induction of systemic resistance that strengthens plant defenses. By reviewing both field and laboratory studies, we highlight how mycorrhizal inoculation can effectively reduce disease severity in various crops, including wheat, maize, and tomatoes. The paper also explores current agricultural practices utilizing mycorrhizal fungi and discusses future research directions, such as developing optimized inoculants and exploring interactions with other beneficial microbes. Their potential, challenges such as variability in effectiveness, economic considerations, and ecological impacts must be addressed to fully realize the benefits of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agriculture. This review underscores the importance of continued research and application of mycorrhizal fungi to enhance plant health and manage soil-borne diseases effectively.