Comparative Analysis of Phytoremediation Potential in Native vs. Invasive Plant Species

Abstract

Phytoremediation, the use of plants to mitigate environmental pollutants, offers a sustainable approach for cleaning contaminated sites. This study performs a comparative analysis of phytoremediation potential between native and invasive plant species. Native species, adapted to local conditions, and invasive species, known for their aggressive growth, were evaluated for their ability to remediate pollutants, including heavy metals and organic contaminants. The research involved assessing growth patterns, biomass accumulation, and pollutant removal efficiency under controlled conditions. Results indicated that invasive species such as Phragmites australis and Reynoutria japonica demonstrated higher efficiency in removing both heavy metals and organic contaminants compared to native species like Echinacea purpurea and Rudbeckia hirta. While invasive species showed superior remediation capabilities, they also posed significant ecological risks, including potential disruption to local ecosystems. In contrast, native species, although less effective in some remediation aspects, contributed positively to local biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The study underscores the need for a balanced approach in phytoremediation efforts, integrating both native and invasive species while considering their ecological impacts and remediation effectiveness.