ManureHarms and Control of Ecological Pollution Issues

Abstract

Both the soil and fertilizers fulfill the nitrogen (N) needs for rice crops. Fertilizer N must be added to satisfy crop demand due to acute N deficiency in most rice soils. Via various processes, including ammonia volatilization, de-nitrification, and leaching, the N fertilizer added to rice crops is partially lost. These losses can lead to environmental issues, such as air emissions, marine environments and groundwater. It is not feasible to alleviate these issues fully. Nevertheless, they can be minimized to a large degree by different techniques. In order to minimize N fertilizer shortages, research has been undertaken worldwide. This paper examines this N fertilizer loss knowledge, indicating management practices to minimize these soil-water system losses.