ADVANCEMENTS IN NANOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Nanotechnology-based instruments have begun to attract the interest of study worldwide in the last few decades. For most medical problems, they offer economic, rapid, reliable, and highly specific solutions. As a consequence, the global market for nano materials is increasing very rapidly. In 2015, the demand for nano materials was projected to be around $2.6 trillion. Different nanotechnology applications in medicine have shown their ability to revolutionize medical diagnosis, immunization, rehabilitation, and even health care items. A large collection of nanoparticles (NPs) can be coupled to the loading substances by several means: chemically (conjugation), physically (encapsulation), or by adsorption. The use of a suitable loading nano substance is based on the intent of the application. They can be used by endocytosis to distribute different chemicals (drugs, chemotherapeutic agents or imaging agents) or biological substances (anti genes, antibodies, RNA, or DNA). They can also be used when needed to deliver light and heat to their target cells. A brief description of the structure and shape of available NPs is given in the current review and addresses their applications in the medical sciences.