Production and Optimization of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger ARU1 from Pomegranate Fruit Waste

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Citric acid is one of the most significant organic acids having an ever ending demand in the world. The citric acid production has enhanced speedily, in 2008 reaching about 1.7 million tons per annum having 5% predicted annual increase in the production rate so as to gather the growing needs of the global market (Hayder Khaleel Qurban Ali, 2012). Citric acid is utilized in the food and beverage industry to flavor the fruit juices, marmalade, and candy ice cream. In the pharmaceutical industry, citric acid is employed as a preservative for stored blood, ointments, tablets and cosmetics. In the chemical industry, it is utilized as an antifoam agent for the treatment of textiles (Omoniyi Kuforiji, 2010). Recently, the major production of citric acid was achieved by means of microbial fermentation, as it was economically feasible and easy to handle (Hayder Khaleel Qurban Ali, 2012).