Quantum Steganography and Quantum Watermarking Techniques for Information hiding

Abstract

The expanded accessibility of the web and the huge development of new communication innovations have made information transmission a lot simpler. Be that as it may, the security threats and vulnerabilities propelled against the internet channel hinder this correspondence which winds up by making information accessible to the unapproved users. Information hiding is one of the strategies to conquer numerous challenges to conceal confidential data into the media like text, audio, image, and video. The fundamental reason to protect data is to keep user privacy, confidentiality, integrity, and copyrights. The digital image is one of the most popular media carriers that are utilized in information hiding of their generality. Novel quantum information hiding methodologies i.e. quantum steganography and quantum image watermarking are presented. The former method is utilized to hide the quantum secret image into a quantum cover image. First, the quantum secret image is encrypted by utilizing a controlled NOT gate to exhibit the security of the embedded data. Then, this encrypted secret image is embedded in the quantum cover image utilizing the two most and least qubits. Also, another approach quantum image watermarking is used to hide quantum watermark gray image into a quantum carrier image. This strategy used Arnolds cat map and integrated into quantum carrier images utilizing the two least and most significant qubits. As per the best of our knowledge, fewer research papers exist on the background study of cryptography, steganography, quantum information hiding, and quantum image watermarking. In this paper, a brief review of these techniques along with recent related work by numerous authors on information hiding is presented.